https://www.nytimes.com/es/2018/10/07/cuando-el-periodismo-se-vuelve-mitologia/amp/?__twitter_impression=true
7 de octubre de 2018
Camille Preaker, la protagonista de Heridas abiertas, es una periodista que escribe simultáneamente en su cuaderno de notas y en su propio cuerpo. El libro que hemos leído o la serie que hemos visto se revelan, al final, como la crónica en primera persona de su investigación de los asesinatos que ha sufrido el pueblo donde se crio. En su piel, en cambio, se encuentra su autobiografía: los mensajes de odio y los cortes que se ha infligido a sí misma desde la adolescencia.
En ese personaje escindido encontramos una elocuente metáfora de la figura del periodista en el siglo XXI. Se trata de alguien que produce al mismo tiempo discurso sobre el mundo y sobre sí mismo.
El oficio se ha vuelto tremendamente autoconsciente a causa de la crisis que lo amenaza como una guillotina apocalíptica. Y el sujeto que lo encarna ya no habla a través de un único canal oficial, el del medio para el que trabaja, sino que también lo hace diariamente por canales que reclaman su subjetividad, su experiencia, la excepcionalidad que justifica la existencia de esa profesión amenazada por la producción de contenidos.
Esa difícil división queda clara en otra serie de este año, el documental en cuatro capítulos El cuarto poder, que muestra el primer año de la presidencia de Donald Trump a través de la cobertura que realiza The New York Times. Al mismo tiempo que la dirección del diario decide llamar la atención a sus reporteros más célebres sobre su uso indiscriminado de las redes sociales, se lleva a cabo un recorte de personal debido a la transformación digital de la empresa. La elevada fe en la verdad tiene que descender para negociar con los lodos de la precariedad.
Al periodismo le ocurre lo mismo que a las librerías y a los libros en papel: amenazado por la digitalización del mundo, se ha vuelto narrativamente atractivo. En la etimología de la palabra “crisis” se encuentra tanto la idea de conflicto como la de separación y la de juicio.
Pero en el contexto de Amazon o Wikipedia, nuestra relación con los medios de comunicación tradicionales se reviste de una pátina de romanticismo y en el proceso de duelo prematuro eliminamos la crítica.
Si el futuro es el que dibuja El cuento de la criada, con esa redacción de The Boston Globe en ruinas, hay que entregarle al periodismo nuestro amor incondicional, aunque eso signifique pagar la suscripción de Netflix para consumir ficciones sobre investigaciones mediáticas del pasado reciente en vez de pagar la suscripción a algún diario para que sean posibles en el inminente futuro.
Tom Hanks como Ben Bradlee y Meryl Streep, quien interpretó a Katharine Graham, en “Los archivos del Pentágono”.NIKO TAVERNISE/20TH CENTURY FOX, VÍA ASSOCIATED PRESS
Y hay que idolatrar a los grandes periodistas, héroes supervivientes de un mundo en extinción. Convertirlos en protagonistas de unas historias en que siempre fueron personajes secundarios. Por eso, aunque el título del documental de Netflix sea Voyeur, la película no habla tanto sobre Gerald Foos, el dueño de un motel que diseñó para espiar durante décadas a sus huéspedes, como sobre el propio Gay Talese, autor de un libro anacrónico, gran escritor, mito viviente.
Aunque en Los archivos del Pentágono (2017) Steven Spielberg haya rescatado y mitificado una historia de los años setenta, ese romanticismo es sobre todo contemporáneo.
Camille Preaker sacrifica hasta su cordura por resolver el caso; los protagonistas de El cuarto poder renuncian a su vida privada para desenmascarar a Trump, defender la democracia y ganar premios Pulitzer; Spotlight (2015), que cuenta cómo los reporteros de The Boston Globe demostraron la existencia de una red de pederastia en la Iglesia, reconstruye en clave de épica realista la primera gran hazaña del periodismo de este siglo; y qué lástima que la cancelación de The Newsroom (2012-2014) impidiera que Aaron Sorkin editorializara a través de la ficción la presidencia trumpiana.
Pero hay indicios de que las plataformas de noticias y contenidos también van a crear su propia épica en tiempo real: su propio contrarrelato. El pasado agosto se estrenó Follow this, una serie de Netflix que sigue a reporteros de BuzzFeed durante sus investigaciones. Aunque el sitio cultive sobre todo las listas y la viralidad, la docuserie reivindica su dimensión periodística (que no riñe con el entretenimiento).
De izquierda a derecha: Rachel McAdams como Sacha Pfeiffer, Mark Ruffalo como Michael Rezendes, Brian d’Arcy James como Matt Carroll, Michael Keaton como Walter “Robby” Robinson y John Slattery como Ben Bradlee, en una escena de la película “Spotlight”.KERRY HAYES/OPEN ROAD FILMS
Si para Mark Zuckerberg y Facebook ver La red social fue un trauma, no es descabellado que las plataformas que no han conseguido neutralizar una narrativa mediática más o menos adversa, acaben produciendo su propia versión de los hechos. Sí: imagino una película sobre Jeff Bezos, un Amazon Original, por supuesto.
En su primer libro, No hemos entendido nada, el periodista peruano Diego Salazar analiza con lucidez crítica y desconfianza sistemática el ecosistema periodístico de estos tiempos algorítmicos. En su prólogo se encuentran los dos polos entre los que hay que interpretar el auge del periodismo como tópico narrativo y como objeto de reflexión.
Escribe Salazar que durante la redacción del volumen tuvo la sensación de estar escribiendo su “propio obituario” y el de su oficio. Y después sostiene que el periodismo es hoy parte de la industria del entretenimiento.
Para que el espectáculo pueda continuar pese a ese trasfondo sombrío, el periodista se ha convertido en el protagonista de la historia; y su oficio, en un horizonte, si no mitológico, al menos romántico o —como diría Will McAvoy— quijotesco.
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